![[APACHE DOCUMENTATION]](../images/sub.gif)
mod_mime.c file, and is
compiled in by default. It provides for determining the types of files
from the filename.
The directives AddCharset, AddEncoding, AddHandler, AddLanguage and AddType are all used to map file extensions onto the meta-information for that file. Respectively they set the character set, content-encoding, handler, content-language, and MIME-type (content-type) of documents. The directive TypesConfig is used to specify a file which also maps extensions onto MIME types. The directives ForceType and SetHandler are used to associated all the files in a given location (e.g., a particular directory) onto a particular MIME type or handler.
Note that changing the type or encoding of a file does not change the
value of the Last-Modified header. Thus, previously cached
copies may still be used by a client or proxy, with the previous headers.
welcome.html.fr maps onto content type text/html and
language French then the file welcome.fr.html will map
onto exactly the same information. The only exception to this is if an
extension is given which Apache does not know how to handle. In this
case it will "forget" about any information it obtained from
extensions to the left of the unknown extension. So, for example, if
the extensions fr and html are mapped to the appropriate language and
type but extension xxx is not assigned to anything, then the file
welcome.fr.xxx.html will be associated with content-type
text/html but no language.
If more than one extension is given which maps onto the same type of
meta-information, then the one to the right will be used. For example,
if ".gif" maps to the MIME-type image/gif and ".html" maps to the
MIME-type text/html, then the file welcome.gif.html will
be associated with the MIME-type "text/html".
Care should be taken when a file with multiple extensions gets
associated with both a MIME-type and a handler. This will usually
result in the request being by the module associated with the
handler. For example, if the .imap extension is mapped to
the handler "imap-file" (from mod_imap) and the .html
extension is mapped to the MIME-type "text/html", then the file
world.imap.html will be associated with both the
"imap-file" handler and "text/html" MIME-type. When it is processed,
the "imap-file" handler will be used, and so it will be treated as a
mod_imap imagemap file.
The AddCharset directive maps the given filename extensions to the specified content charset. charset is the MIME charset parameter of filenames containing extension. This mapping is added to any already in force, overriding any mappings that already exist for the same extension.
Example:
AddLanguage ja .ja
AddCharset EUC-JP .euc
AddCharset ISO-2022-JP .jis
AddCharset SHIFT_JIS .sjis
Then the document xxxx.ja.jis will be treated as being a
Japanese document whose charset is ISO-2022-JP (as will the document
xxxx.jis.ja). The AddCharset directive is useful for both
to inform the client about the character encoding of the document so
that the document can be interpreted and displayed appropriately, and
for content negotiation, where
the server returns one from several documents based on the client's
charset preference.
See also: mod_negotiation
The AddEncoding directive maps the given filename extensions to the specified encoding type. MIME-enc is the MIME encoding to use for documents containing the extension. This mapping is added to any already in force, overriding any mappings that already exist for the same extension. Example:
AddEncoding x-gzip gz
AddEncoding x-compress Z
Old clients expect x-gzip and x-compress,
however the standard dictates that they're equivalent to gzip
and compress respectively. Apache does content encoding
comparisons by ignoring any leading x-. When responding
with an encoding Apache will use whatever form (i.e., x-foo
or foo) the client requested. If the client didn't
specifically request a particular form Apache will use the form given by
the AddEncoding directive. To make this long story short,
you should always use x-gzip and x-compress
for these two specific encodings. More recent encodings, such as
deflate should be specified without the x-.
See also: Files with multiple extensions
AddHandler maps the filename extensions extension to the
handler handler-name. This
mapping is added to any already in force, overriding any mappings that
already exist for the same extension.
For example, to activate CGI scripts
with the file extension ".cgi", you might use:
AddHandler cgi-script cgi
Once that has been put into your srm.conf or httpd.conf file, any
file containing the ".cgi" extension will be treated as a
CGI program.
See also: Files with multiple extensions
The AddLanguage directive maps the given filename extensions to the specified content language. MIME-lang is the MIME language of filenames containing extension. This mapping is added to any already in force, overriding any mappings that already exist for the same extension.
Example:
AddEncoding x-compress Z
AddLanguage en .en
AddLanguage fr
.fr
Then the document xxxx.en.Z will be treated as being a
compressed English document (as will the document
xxxx.Z.en). Although the content language is reported to
the client, the browser is unlikely to use this information. The
AddLanguage directive is more useful for
content negotiation, where
the server returns one from several documents based on the client's
language preference.
If multiple language assignments are made for the same extension, the last one encountered is the one that is used. That is, for the case of:
AddLanguage en .en
AddLanguage en-uk .en
AddLanguage en-us .en
documents with the extension ".en" would be treated as
being "en-us".
See also: Files with
multiple extensions
See also: mod_negotiation
The AddType directive maps the given filename extensions onto the
specified content type. MIME-enc is the MIME type to use for
filenames containing extension. This mapping is added to any
already in force, overriding any mappings that already exist for the
same extension. This directive can be used to add mappings
not listed in the MIME types file (see the TypesConfig directive).
Example:
AddType image/gif GIF
Note that, unlike the NCSA httpd, this directive cannot be used to set the type of particular files.
See also: Files with multiple extensions
The DefaultLanguage directive tells Apache that all files in the
directive's scope (e.g., all files covered by the current
<Directory> container) that don't have an explicit
language extension (such as .fr or .de as
configured by AddLanguage) should be considered to be in
the specified MIME-lang language. This allows entire
directories to be marked as containing Dutch content, for instance,
without having to rename each file. Note that unlike using extensions
to specify languages, DefaultLanguage can only specify a
single language.
If no DefaultLanguage directive is in force, and a file does not have any language extensions as configured by AddLanguage, then that file will be considered to have no language attribute.
See also: mod_negotiation
See also: Files with
multiple extensions
When placed into an .htaccess file or a
<Directory> or <Location> section,
this directive forces all matching files to be served
as the content type given by media type. For example, if you
had a directory full of GIF files, but did not want to label them all with
".gif", you might want to use:
ForceType image/gif
Note that this will override any filename extensions that might determine the media type.
The RemoveHandler directive removes any
handler associations for files with the given extensions.
This allows .htaccess files in subdirectories to undo
any associations inherited from parent directories or the server
config files. An example of its use might be:
/foo/.htaccess:AddHandler server-parsed .html/foo/bar/.htaccess:RemoveHandler .htmlThis has the effect of returning .html files in the /foo/bar directory to being treated as normal files, rather than as candidates for parsing (see the mod_include module).
When placed into an .htaccess file or a
<Directory> or <Location> section,
this directive forces all matching files to be parsed through the
handler
given by handler-name. For example, if you had a
directory you wanted to be parsed entirely as imagemap rule files,
regardless of extension, you might put the following into an
.htaccess file in that directory:
SetHandler imap-file
Another example: if you wanted to have the server display a status
report whenever a URL of http://servername/status was
called, you might put the following into access.conf:
<Location /status>
SetHandler server-status
</Location>
TypesConfig conf/MIME.typesThe TypesConfig directive sets the location of the MIME types configuration file. Filename is relative to the ServerRoot. This file sets the default list of mappings from filename extensions to content types; changing this file is not recommended. Use the AddType directive instead. The file contains lines in the format of the arguments to an AddType command:
MIME-type extension extension ...The extensions are lower-cased. Blank lines, and lines beginning with a hash character (`#') are ignored.
